How Leaders Manage Conflicts For The Success Or Failure Of...

Hunt, Tourish, and Hargie (2000) state that â€Å"communication is the process most central to the success or failure of an organization† (pg. 120). Conflict is â€Å"composed of certain elements such as disagreement, opposition, and disharmony. Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in social lives where people interact†¦the presence of conflict is inevitable and natural† (Ustuner and Kis, 2014, pg. 27). Although conflict and communication go hand in hand in educational settings, there is an absence of literature that investigates the relationship between the two as they relate to education managers (Hunt et al., 2000, pg. 120). Purpose Gossip, inefficiencies, and differing beliefs can create conflict in educational settings, where red tape and policies can make it difficult for leaders to intervene and manage conflict. The purpose of this study is to determine how leaders manage conflict in educational settings. The main focus questions of the study are: What communicative strategies are most effective for preventing and managing conflict in a school setting? What does conflict look like in a school setting? Once conflict is present, what tools and/or strategies does the leader draw upon to manage it? Do these strategies differ based on the type of conflict present (e.g. gossip, apathy, et cetera)? Theoretical Framework â€Å"Each educational organization, like other organizations, is composed of people with different personalities, perceptions, attitudes, value judgments, personalShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Skills : Interpersonal And Social Skills1682 Words   |  7 Pageswhich help a leader work effectively with peers, superiors, and subordinates to achieve the goals of an organization (Adair, 2009). A leader must have the ability to relate well with followers. Effective leaders have self-awareness, as well as the awareness of those around them. The leader needs to be socially perceptive. A leader requires interpersonal skills to show emotional intelligence. It assists a person in understanding emotions and applying this understanding to daily tasks. A leader must alsoRead MoreDiversity and Avoiding Conflicts1628 Words   |  7 PagesIt is commonplace for organizations today to work in teams. Whether they be leader-driven teams or self-directed teams; the hope is that pr oductivity, creativity, and results will be greater in a team environment. While this is a proven approach, any time you bring together people from differing backgrounds and experiences, it is inevitable that conflict will occur. Many people and organizations view conflict as a negative, or something to be avoided. Yet conflict, differences, or disagreementsRead MoreVirtual Organization Behavior Framework1292 Words   |  5 PagesVirtual Organization Behaviour Framework There are main components to develop a virtual organization: (1) Virtual Worker A â€Å"multimedia personel† who have high competency in various applications of information technology, has a range of skills (multiskill), educated, and have a high knowledge. An effective person who have high adaptation skill, creativity, and innovation, to effectively manage variety of jobs. This kind of worker will have a success rate to survive, the success of creativity andRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Human Behavior1323 Words   |  6 Pagesunsuccessful. Therefore, it is imperative that organizations employ better ideas and novel methodologies and frameworks in managing projects (Murthy, 2014). A major factor of a project’s success is the behavior of the employees. Employee behavior is influenced by organizational culture and leadership. This paper will briefly explore the influence organizational culture and human behavior have on the success of projects, in particular projects plagued with conflict. First, this paper will discuss the influencesRead MoreAre You a Good Boss or a Great One1081 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges of their roles. Managers in new assignments start out as receptive to change but as the managers start to settle in an organization they lose their fear of imminent failure and often grow complacent. Most bosses reach a level of proficiency and stop there-short of what they could and should have become, they stop growing and improving. Most often managers underestimate how much time and effort it takes to keep growing and developing. However the real culprit is not managerial complacency but itRead MoreLack Of Strong Communication Skills1533 Words   |  7 Pagesyou communicate when a particular situation occurs. An effective leader doesn’t always bark out orders but is able to adjust the communication style in a way that will get the receiver to process and understand the information. Effective ways for the leader to develop their communication skills include an introduction to staff and the surgeons on the unit to increase familiarity. Provide opportunities for staff and the new leader to build a rapport. Another way to develop their communication skillsRead MorePolarity802 Words   |  4 Pagesattention.† (Beach Joyce, 2009, p.71). In order to manage a polarity, managers must first make the distinction between a problem and a polarity; problems are things that are solvable while polarities are manageable. A problem is solved using either/or thinking. A polarity is a manageable concern that focuses on two interdependent opposed right answers which require both/and thinking to be managed (Beach Joyce, 2009). Organizations can effectively manage polarities by realizing each opposite â€Å"pole† hasRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Mana gement1164 Words   |  5 Pagesthat conflict in organizations is increasing as they become more complex, culturally diverse, and global. Conflict has been thought of as necessary at times to keep the wheels of progress turning. Therefore, concentration on conflict in organizations has went from strategies to try to eliminate it to managing it. One issue is training managers how to manage that conflict. Conflict can be detrimental or beneficial to the organization. In order to be beneficial, leaders must be able to manage it appropriatelyRead MoreManaging Liability Risk After Merger1355 Words   |  6 Pagesas a solution to the query by doing comparison of corporate strategy of mergers. Factors that lead to merger failures are misgauging strategic fit, cultural clash, communication gap, weak leadership and economic crisis by providing clear vision and putting together professional leadership team that focused management on success and winning the people’s commitment. It explains the failure of integration providing lesson that can be applied to corporation that are making change in management. ScreeningRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Management Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagesexcellent companies realize that project failures have more to do with behavioral shortcomings – poor employee morale, negative human relations, low productivity, and lack of commitment.† (377). Today, project managers are to focus on situational leadership, which is known to be effective in project management. Situational leadership refers to when the leader of the project must adjust his style of leadership to the team members’ personalities. Situational leader is known to be effective in project management

Stanley Milgram s Research On Obedience - 863 Words

Stanley Milgram s groundbreaking studies on obedience certainly shocked the world with their electrifying results. The experiment that Milgram conducted included ordinary people delivering â€Å"shocks† to an unknown subject, which caused much controversy to occur and raised many questions in the psychological world. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist at the University of California and one of Milgram’s colleagues, attacks Milgram’s ethics in her review. She decides that Milgram s tests are unethical towards the subjects and claims that his experiment is irrelevant to obedience. In contrast, Ian Parker, a writer for The New Yorker and Human Sciences, asserts Milgram’s experiments hold validity in the psychological world. While Baumrind focuses on Milgram’s ethics, Parker concentrates more on the reactions, both immediate and long-term, to his experiments. Both Parker and Baumrind effectively argue the points that the laboratory was not exactly the best location for the tests and that the experiment allowed for too many ethical problems. Diana Baumrind and Ian Parker come to the same consensus that subjects did not experience an unbiased experiment in the laboratory. Baumrind states, †The laboratory is not the place to study degree of obedience or suggestibility, as a function of a particular experimental condition, since the base line for these phenomena as found in the laboratory is probably much higher than in most other settings† (Baumrind 90). Baumrind clearly believes thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Perils Of Obedience Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesStill, many questions still remain prevalent as to how an individual reaches his or her decision on obedience in a distressing environment. Inspired by Nazi trials, Stanley Milgram, an American psychologist, questions the social norm in â€Å"Perils of Obedience† (1964), where he conducted a study to test how far the average American was willing to for under the pressures of an authority figure. Milgram s study showed that und er the orders of an authoritative figure, 64% of average Americans had the capabilityRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1053 Words   |  5 PagesStudy of Obedience† by Stanley Milgram (1963) Stanley Milgram Yale University Group 1: Wasis Ali, Christopher Okpala, Michelle Walden, Estefany Majano General Psychology 1010 Ms. Thompson Spring Semester, March 17, 2014 Introduction In 1961, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology published an article by Stanley Milgram, a researcher at Yale University, and his study testing obedience towards political influence vs towards morals and values taught from an early age (Milgram, 1963)Read MoreThe Effects Of Deceit : A Look At The Stanley Milgram Experiment1201 Words   |  5 PagesComposition 1 29 October, 2017 Effects of Deceit: A Look At the Stanley Milgram Experiment A recent Pew poll shows there is an increasingly substantial amount of public disagreement about basic scientific facts, facts such as the human though process (Scientific American). People in today’s society believe that studies, for example the Stanley Milgram Experiments, are falsified and irrelevant. In â€Å"The Perils of Obedience† Stanley Milgram, an experienced psychologist at Yale, explains how the humanRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Psychology Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesAnd explain thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Research psychologist studies exciting opportunities in psychology; it looks at various branches in the field of psychological research, for example in clinical psychology which includes both scientific research, focusing on the search for general principles, and clinical service, focusing on the study and care of clients, and information gathered from each of these activities influences practice and research., development psychology foc uses on behaviorsRead MoreThe Causes Of Obedience From Research By Milgram ( 1974 ) And His Contemporaries1360 Words   |  6 Pagescauses of Obedience from research by Milgram (1974) and his Contemporaries. Stanley Milgram was a Psychologist at Yale. Obedience is an essential part in the format of humanity, and it’s destructiveness has been investigated throughout time. Stanley Milgram organized a research to test the destructiveness of obedience however, Milgram wanted to investigate why ordinary people are keen to obey an authority figure and commit evil deeds even when it goes against their beliefs. Milgram used socialRead MoreThe Perils of Obedience, by Stanley Milgram1499 Words   |  6 Pageswould you follow your direct orders? That is the question that Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University tested in the 1960’s. Most people would answer â€Å"no,† to imposing pain on innocent human beings but Milgram wanted to go further with his study. Writing and Reading across the Curriculum holds a shortened edition of Stanley Milgram’s â€Å"The Perils of Obedience,† where he displays an eye-opening experiment that tests the true obedience of people under authority figures. He observes that most peopleRead MoreThe Milgram Experiment1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Milgram Experiment Stanley Milgram, a famous social psychologist, and student of Solomon Asch, conducted a controversial experiment in 1961, investigating obedience to authority (1974). The experiment was held to see if a subject would do something an authority figure tells them, even if it conflicts with their personal beliefs and morals. He even once said, The social psychology of this century reveals a major lesson: often it is not so much the kind of person a man is as the kind of situationRead MoreStanley Milgram1172 Words   |  5 Pagesfollow the orders of another person in authority? An experiment conducted by psychologist Stanley Milgram reveal how situationism applies to study results. How would this experiment differ if the participants were from various races, cultures, gender groups? A summary of the study and how it was conducted Stanley Milgram is a psychologist who conducted a study based on obedience during the 1960’s, and this experiment produced startling results. Questions still arise about the experimentsRead MoreMilgram s Experiments On Obedience By Ian Parker955 Words   |  4 PagesKnown as the man who shocked the world, Stanley Milgram conducted a series of experiments that changed the way power of authority was viewed. A few psychologists have declared that Milgram s experiment was eye-opening, but others have also stated that his experiment verified nothing about obedience. As the author of the article Obedience, Ian Parker critiques Milgram s experiment claiming that it had its faults; for example, his conclusions failed to prove his theory on the occurrence of theRead MoreMilgram Experiment : What Was The Intent?1571 Words   |  7 Pagesdid Hitler condemn so many people to death and question why he was hated by them?† Well that is exactly why Stanley Milgram conducted experime nts to test how far an ordinary person would inflict pain onto a stranger. The Nazi killing was brutal and inhumane but the people conflicting death upon thousands felt no remorse or guilt so the Milgram Experiment was used to finally get answers. Milgram concluded that many will go to extreme lengths to obey authority and tend to believe what they are doing is

The Popularity Of Malaysian Architecture - 1230 Words

For many centuries, Malay houses were almost exclusively built using wood. Though these intricately designed wooden houses are disappearing fast, quite a few of the kampung residences still bear its proof. Many of the stilt houses of the country are still built using tree trunks and rattan as well. Malaysia has an abundance of premium quality teak which partly explains its preference for wooden homes. Even such regal structures as Malacca Sultanate Palace were built using high quality wood. Advantages and disadvantages of using timber There are some very good reasons for such widespread popularity of timber. Properly seasoned high quality timber can be extremely durable. It is highly conducive for modular structures, which is another reason of its popularity in Malaysian architecture. Most the earliest buildings of the country used to be highly modular in nature and sometimes no nails were used in the construction process. It has great insulating capabilities. Wooden houses remain cool in the summer months and comfortably warm in the winter. It is a sustainable construction material and as suited for the classical structures as the contemporary ones. It also boasts of an exceptional versatility. No other material can be so successfully utilised for forming the basic structure of any residence as well as designing highly detailed furniture and decorative features. The unique colour and texture of various species have a beautifying effect on the interior and exterior of ourShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of The Ramayana887 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequence, it sparked a tradition of works comprising of royal courts and Hindu temples. The Ramayana s popularity spread throughout Southeast Asia during the 8th century, symbolizing literature, architecture, and theatrical acts. Hence dramatic enactments of this epic poem, named Ram-lila, occur across Indian and around the globe. Also, many painting have depicted the Ramayana, especially by a Malaysian artist Syed Thajudeen in 1972 who erected the epic tale on a canvas covering 9 panels with astoundingRead MoreGreen Architecture and the Environment2044 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Green Architecture Definition and Origin Green architecture or Sustainable building is the practice of building homes which are environment friendly and resource efficient throughout its life time. It is a way of reacting to the global economic crisis, environmental issues, growing human population, destruction of natural resources and the loss of biodiversity. While it may seem that this practice started only a few decades ago when environmentalists and conservationist were givenRead MoreMattel Inc3110 Words   |  13 Pageseducational to teens that even the store has a stage production where young actresses bring the stories to life Weaknesses Ineffective Foreign Market Customization * Traditional Barbie has triggered the possibility of banned in Malaysia by the Malaysian Consumers’ Association of Penang, due to her non-Asian appearance and the lack of creativity but it was not success. * In Iran, the non-Islamic characteristics of Barbie and western influences resulted in the confiscation of Barbie doll fromRead MoreCruise Ship3513 Words   |  15 Pagesin 1986, with the notable exception of transatlantic crossings operated by the Cunard Line, catering to the niche market who appreciated the several days at sea away from civilization. In comparison to liner crossings, cruising voyages gained popularity; slowly at first but at an increased rate from the 1980s onwards. Initially the fledgling industry was serviced primarily by small redundant liners, and even the first purpose built cruise ships were small. This changed after the success of theRead MoreAnalysis of Telenor Pakistan12870 Words   |  52 Pagesthat improve the public treasury. Since the processes of liberalization and privatization have been taken into consideration by countries such as India, Malaysia and South Africa, their telecommunication infrastructures have improved drastically. Malaysian government has developed its telecommunication infrastructure by privatizing the former RTT, which is presently known as Telkom Malaysia, and most of its shares are sold in the stock exchange. Privatization and liberalization cut the existence ofRead MoreDesign and Cost of Soil Nailing in Roadways in Malaysia15498 Words   |  62 Pagesstabilisation work. The slopes repaired by the soil nailing are basically in short distance but it is strong enough to hold the slopes from collapse to the ground and affected buildings, structures, roads and people. According to Chow (2006), the popularity of soil nail slope is due to its technical suitability as an effective slope stabilisation method, ease of construction and relatively maintenance free. Tan (2004) had added that soil nailing is therefore, commonly adopted for slope remedial andRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagescauses (Angelina Jolie and her work with the UN), diligently working on improving their God-given abilities to even greater heights (Roger Federer), Arnold Schwarzeneggar (known for his muscle and starring role in â€Å"The Terminator† rode on wave of popularity and fame to political power as governor of California, dedicated to environmental cause, implement policies to reduce emissions and vehicle usage) †¢ Closer to home: Eunice Olsen, former Miss Singapore Universe: active in community service, advocatingRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pageslists from 2005 to 2009 shows Apple as number one and Google, number two. OK, intuitively that sounds right. But we felt that the BusinessWeek methodology (executives voting on which companies are innovative) produces a list that is largely a popularity contest based on past performance. Indeed, do General Electric, Sony, Toyota, and BMW deserve to be on the list of most innovative companies today? Or are they simply there because they have been successful in the past? To answer these questionsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesenvironment across diVerent parts of the globe: . New infrastructure for wealth creation—organizational networks and the Internet in particular are becoming the basis for economic activity and progress; . New business models—new ways of achieving viable architectures within Wrms and across industrial structures are emerging. This has resulted in altered ways of bringing together diVerent constituent elements of products; . New sources of value—knowledge in particular continues to be infused within productsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestend not to be the frontiers of the past with their low but rapidly expanding populations. Where new frontiers have become occupied in the late twentieth century, such as the Brazilian, Peruvian, and Ecuadorian Amazon, new plantation areas in Malaysian and Indonesian rain forests, and the dry areas of Tibet and central Asia, family agriculture has been less productive and more difficult to sustain ecologically.60 Almost three-quarters of international migration today flows to economically developed

Fundamental Principles of the Code of Ethics of the...

Fundamental principles of the Code of Ethics of the Professional Accounting Bodies in Australia A characteristic of the Professional accounting in Australia is accepting a public interest Act obligation(Robert, 2010). Therefore, responsibility of their members are not completely to satisfy the individual client or employer needs. In the public interest role, a member will be observing the ethics code. If they are prohibited with certain parts of this code by complying law or regulation, they will be complying with all other parts of ethic code. A member of Professional accounting is require to fundamental principles achievement. 1. Integrity 2. Objectivity 3. Professional competence and due care 4. Confidentiality 5. Professional behavior 1. Integrity The principle of integrity imposes an obligation on all members need to be straight and honest in professional and business relationships. Not only a member should not be related with reports, returns, communications or other information where they believe that the information. But they are also involves a fair dealing and truthfulness as following: - Contains a misleading statement. - Contains statements of well-appointed irresponsibly. - Omission an information required being included where an obscurity would be misleading. 2. Objectivity The principle of objectivity imposes uncompromising in professional or business judgment obligation because they will have an bias, conflict of interest or theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Guidelines Provided By The Cima Provides Different Conflict Resolutions1143 Words   |  5 Pagesalso different essential principles that should be related to the matters that are being questioned. The CIMA also suggests that there needs to be internal procedures established and also an alternative course of action should be established incase anything were to happen. The CIMA provides a meeting or session with the right person within their organization or even a board of directors or an audit committee if needed. It also provides advice from a relevant professional figure or a legal advisorRead MoreAudit Quality2067 Words   |  9 Pageslimited to professional audit firms within the scheme of Australian Securities and Investments Commission (hereinafter ASIC). Due to the complexity of auditing processes, it is reasonable to expect a complicated infrastructure in assessing the quality of the auditing process. To cope with the words limit, two main factors affecting the audit quality most will be investigated in this paper. First factor is the regulation of current auditing practices involving legal frame work, ethical codes applicableRead MoreAn Overview of Auditing17849 Words   |  72 Pagesï » ¿ Chapter 1 An overview of auditing Multiple Choice 1. The three major professional accounting bodies in Australia are: a. ICAA, CPA and ASIC. b. CPA Australia, NIA and AARF. c. ATO, AUASB and ASIC. d. ICAA, CPA Australia and NIA. The correct option is d. Feedback: Section 1.3 The auditing environment 2. Which body has a mission ‘to develop, in the public interest, high-quality auditing and assurance standards and related guidance to enhance the relevance, reliability and timelinessRead MoreAuditing1697 Words   |  7 Pagesconsultant on their internal control systems. The ethical principle that has been breached is: a. auditor independence. b. auditor appointment. c. auditor rotation. d. auditor competence. 2. The term audit expectation gap refers primarily to differences in expectations between: a. auditors and users of audited financial reports. b. auditors and their clients. c. CPA Australia/ICAA and the ASIC. d. auditors and the ASIC. Read MoreQuestions On Ethics And Governance1525 Words   |  7 PagesDEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING, FINANCE ECONOMICS 7153AFE Ethics Governance Relevant Facts:- Sam Torres’s partner with external an audit firm came to know that the board of Spanish Holidays Pty Ltd (SPHL) had concluded, not to record sale and it’s associated costs in its of accounts the transaction with Brissie Overseas Holidays (BOH) as well as not to charged. Sam Torres and his partner Bull Fight an audit farm has been completing an audit for its old client SPHL. And, this is Sam Torres’sRead MoreAuditing and Assurance - an Overview2611 Words   |  11 Pagesassurance engagement Expertise: Professional Judgment and Professional Skepticism * An assurance engagement requires the exercise of professional judgment (ASA 200.16), which involves the application of relevant training, knowledge and experience in making informed decisions about the courses of action that are appropriate in the circumstances of the assurance engagement * The auditor should also plan and perform the assurance engagement with professional skepticism, which is an attitudeRead MoreEthics Of Performance Enhancing Drugs2814 Words   |  12 Pagescorporate governance The five fundamental ethical principles of the Australian Accounting Profession as listed in APES 110 Code of Ethics of the Australian Accounting Profession are integrity, objectivity, and professional competence and due care, confidentiality and professional behaviour. Integrity implies that actions are to be â€Å"straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships† as defined by the APES110 The Cronulla Sharks violated this principle as attempts were made toRead MoreManagement Accounting: Information for Creating Value and Managing Resources9692 Words   |  39 PagesCHAPTER 1 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING: INFORMATION FOR CREATING VALUE AND MANAGING RESOURCES ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1.1 There are several possible answers to the question. QANTAS, the national airline of Australia, has faced a number of changes to the business environment in recent years, including deregulation of the domestic aviation industry. This resulted in increased competition as new firms attempted to enter the industry. The most notable of these was two failed attempts by Compass to succeedRead MoreAPES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants48669 Words   |  195 PagesAPES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants [Supersedes APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (Issued in June 2006 and subsequently amended in February 2008)] ISSUED: December 2010 Copyright  © 2010 Accounting Professional Ethical Standards Board Limited (â€Å"APESB†). All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism and review as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, no part of these materials may be reproduced, modified, or reusedRead MoreSOLUTIONS MANUAL to accompany MODERN AUDITING ASSURANCE SERVICES4904 Words   |  20 Pages3rd edition Prepared by Philomena Leung, Paul Coram and Barry Cooper  © John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2007 Chapter 1 Auditing, assurance and the public accounting profession Review questions 1.1 How does an expanded role of professional accountants affect the accounting profession? The expanded role of professional accountants has affected the accounting profession, in that new opportunities have been created for the profession to extend the range of services

Does religion cause war free essay sample

War is an organized and often prolonged conflict that is carried out by states or non-state actors. It is generally characterised by extreme violence, social disruption and economic destruction. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, and therefore is defined as a form of political violence or intervention. The set of techniques used by a group to carry out war is known as warfare. An absence of war is usually called peace. A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence. Many religions have narratives, symbols, and sacred histories that are intended to explain the meaning of life and/or to explain the origin of life or the Universe. From their beliefs about the cosmos and human nature, people derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle. According to some estimates, there are roughly 4,200 religions in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Does religion cause war or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today we have invited our special guests of panel to discuss about the topic â€Å"Does Religion Cause War†. To discuss about the Does religion cause war? On this planet Earth, there have been many wars fought over many different things. They can range from freedom, oil, and religion. There were many wars fought over religion. For example, the thirty years war. The thirty years war was one of the major wars fought over religion. It was mostly fought in what’s now Germany. The thirty years war was one of the absolute longest and most destructive, and brutal conflicts in European history. The war was mainly between Protestants and Roman Catholics; although, this eventually turned into a war including most of the European powers. The major effect of The Thirty Years War was destroying entire regions. In Germany, the disease and famine greatly decreases population, while bankrupting most of the combatant powers. Although the regiments within each military were not strictly mercenary in that they were not guns for hire that changed sides from battle to battle, the soldiers that made up the regiments for the most part probably were. Another example of a war fought over religion was the Crusades. The Crusades were some of the most famous wars, and fought over religion. The Crusades were a series of wars blessed by the Pope, and Catholic Church. Their main goal was to regain Christian access to the city of Jerusalem, and holy places around it. The Crusades were actually originally launched to repel the expansion into Anatolia. Several hundred thousand soldiers became Crusaders by taking vows; the Pope granted them plenary indulgence. Their emblem was the cross, â€Å"crusade is derived from the French term for taking up the cross. Many were from France and called themselves Franks, which became the common term used by Muslims. The term crusade is also used to describe religiously motivated campaigns conducted between 1100 and 1600 in territories outside the Levant usually against pagans, heretics, and peoples under the ban of excommunication for a mixture of religious, economic, and political In the eyes of many, religion is inherently conflictual, but this is not necessarily so. Therefore, in part, the solution is to promote a heightened awareness of the positive peace building and reconciliatory role religion has played in many conflict situations. More generally, fighting ignorance can go a long way. Interfaith dialogue would be beneficial at all levels of religious hierarchies and across all segments of religious communities. Where silence and misunderstanding are all too common, learning about other religions would be a powerful step forward. Being educated about other religions does not mean conversion but may facilitate understanding and respect for other faiths. Communicating in a spirit of humility and engaging in self-criticism would also be helpful. In recent times further back in history to Hinduism or Judaism along with other religious beliefs. During the same time period there have also been a large number of wars and battles between countries. Many argue that politics are the causes of these wars; however others claim that it is religion which is the main reason. Religion has had a large influence on many conflicts in the past. While some argue that religion is the cause of wars, it is inconclusive whether war would or would not exist if there was no such thing as religion. Some would say The Crusades are a major example of religion causing war. From the 11th century to the 13thcentury Christian states in Europe launched what are sometimes called Holy Wars against Muslims in the East. These wars centred on the city of Jerusalem which held a Holy significance in the Christian world. However when 3000 Christians were massacred, this began the ‘retaliation’ and therefore the beginning of The Crusades to release the Holy City of Jerusalem from the rule of Muslims. In this example, religion has clearly caused The Crusades as there would not have been any war if the city of Jerusalem did not have Christian significance. However, a contrary argument to this would be that it was the massacre of 3000 Christians which caused The Crusades to begin and not because of differing religious beliefs, although it is unquestionable that religion played a major part in the beginning of the Crusades as the massacre may not have taken place without a religious background. As the argument for religion causing war heavily outweighs the opposing argument, in this context it is fair to say that using this example, religion does cause war. The Israel-Arab wars from 1948 to the present day are often seen as wars over religion. In fact, they say, they have been about nationalism, self-defence or the liberation of territory. So why is religion a factor in war at all when all the main faiths have little time for violence and advocate peace? Because, it is suggested, leaders use differences over faith as a way of sowing hatred and mobilising support for political wars. As the American civil war leader Abraham Lincoln put it almost 150 years ago: The will of God prevails. In great contests, each party claims to act in accordance with the will of God. Both may be, but one must be wrong. God cannot be for and against the same thing at the same time.

Applying Legal and Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice

Question: Discuss about the Applying Legal and Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice. Answer: Introduction: A Resident in your Nursing home has not had his bowels open for 6 days, and is prescribed a rectal suppository for the constipation. He has a distended abdomen, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and nausea. He refuses the suppository, stating that he believes it is something more serious than constipation. How would you react in such a situation? I would explain to the patient that she is suffering from constipation since he is showing all the symptoms of constipation, for example, six days of no bowel movement, abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite as well as distended abdomen. I would explain to him that rectal suppository is the fastest way to ensure that his constipation problem is taken care of (Blais Hayes, 2011). Discuss what your ethical and legal responsibilities are in such a situation. It is my ethical responsibility to ensure that I treat the patient as fast as possible so that the pain he is undergoing can subsidize. It is also my responsibilities to listen to the patients complaints and take the necessary measures to address them to the best of my ability (Blais Hayes, 2011). An elderly lady with dementia has given you a gold colored bracelet with large colored stones set in it, as a gift for your care. What would you do in such a situation? Patients who suffer from dementia tend to have impaired reasoning, therefore, I would not accept the gift since the old lady may not be in her right mind when handing out the gift (Blais, Hayes, 2011). Discuss this from the aspect of the legal and ethical view. Legally a medical professional is not allowed to accept gifts from a patient. this is primarily because accepting gifts crowd the medical professionals judgment, therefore, he or she may end up showing preferential treatment to the patients who have given him or her gifts and neglecting the others who are not able to hand out gifts to her or him. As far as ethics are concerned, the patient in question is suffering from dementia which is a condition that affects the brain. This, therefore, means that each and every decision that the patient makes should be carefully scrutinized since it giving out the gift may be the will of the patient but the influence of the disease making her make impaired decisions. Accepting such a small token of appreciation for the care given to the patient is not wrong but gifts of high value like a gold colored bracelet with stones raise contractual and ethical issues. The family insists that you accept the gift what would be your action in this situation? I would accept explain to them that it is not good for doctors to accept high-value gifts from patients. I would also sincerely thank them for the gesture and willingness to give assuring them that I would continue to take care of the old woman with a lot of love just like before (Helm, Lippincott Wilkins, 2003). Open disclosure is the process of open discussion with a patient, and or their family/support person about an incident(s) that resulted in harm to that patient while they were receiving health care. Australian Open Disclosure Framework: better communication a better way to care. The Review to the above document. https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Australian-Open-Disclosure-Framework-Feb-2014.pdf What are the categories of error that are reviewed in cases where Open Disclosure is warranted? Give 3 (three) examples for each category. The first category is Harm from Natural disease progression for example treatment of cancer, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease turns out to be unsuccessful. The second category is Clinical incident examples being a drug overdose, drug underdose and delay in treatment. The third is Patient harm, examples being wrong dose medication, delay in treatment as well as poor clinical coordination issues (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2013). What is the purpose of Open Disclosure? The purpose of the open disclosure is to apologize to the patient and the family members of the patient and guarantee them that measures are being taken to ensure that the error will not be repeated again (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2013). When should this process commence and when should changes, if any, occur? Immediately an incident that warrants open disclosure occurs, then the process should commence. Changes should occur after proper investigations are done. Coronial inquests, the role of the coroner and giving evidence as an Enrolled nurse has subtle differences dependant on where you reside in Australia and the state or territory that you are practicing in. Based on the state or territory that you are undertaking your Enrolled Nurse training, complete the following questions Describe the role of coronial inquests and the circumstances in which these are carried out? The role of coronial inquests is to ensure that all deaths, suspected deaths as well as fires are properly and exhaustively investigated. Colonial inquests are carried out in an instance where there is reasonable suspicion that someone has died an unnatural death (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2013). What is the role of the coroner? A coroner is tasked with the responsibility of investigating violent, sudden as well as suspicious deaths (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2013). What are the expectations of an Enrolled Nurse, should you be called upon to provide evidence at a coronial inquest? The enrolled nurse is expected to give evidence about the circumstances surrounding the death of a patient. The enrolled nurse should give factual information at all times during the whole process (Stevens, Harkin, Pay, TAFE South Australia, 2008). References Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (2013).Australian open disclosure framework: Better communication, a better way to care. Blais, K., Hayes, J. S. (2011).Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. Boston: Pearson. Helm, A., Lippincott Williams Wilkins. (2003).Nursing malpractice: Sidestepping legal minefields. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Stevens, J., Harkin, S., Pay, A., TAFE SA., South Australia. (2008).Diploma of Nursing: HLTEN509A, Apply legal and ethic parameters to nursing practice. Adelaide, S. Aust: DFEEST.